[Effects of low electromagnetic field on mice embryos development]

Electromagnetic waved generated by electronic industries and the increasing use of electrical appliances have led to higher rise in chronic exposure to extremely-low frequency electromagnetic field [ELF-EMF]. This study was done to investigate the effects of low electromagnetic field on mice embryos development. In this experimental study, eighty female NMRI mice were super ovulated and coupled with male mated over the night. Next morning the female mice with a vaginal plug were identified as pregnant mice. Animals allocated into 2 groups; control group was not exposed to EMF and animals in case group exposed to 50 Hz and amp; 1.2 mT EMF the pregnant mice were scarified by cervical dislocation at 24, 72, 81, 96, 110 and 120 hours. Embryos were subsequently obtained from the mice by flashing the fallopian tubule and uterus horn. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13.5, ANOVA and student's t-tests. The number of 2, 3-4 cells and 5-8 of embryo cells and blastocyst decreased in case group compared to controls, but these reduction were not significant. The number of morula in cases significantly reduced in comparison with control group [P<0.05]. The average number of fragmented blastocyst in experimental groups siginficantly increased compared to control group [P<0.05]. The number of inner cell mass and trophoectoderm in experimental group significantly reduced in comparison with controls [P<0.05]. The exposure of extremely-low electromagnetic field in pregnancy reduces the number of morula, inner cell mass and trophoectoderm

[ effect of ethanol on growth and development of two-cell arrested mouse embryo]

Arresting in certain step of developing like two cell block, could be the reason of infertility in some couples. Evaluate the effect of ethanol on growth and development of mouse two-cell arrested embryo is aimed of this study. In this experimental study 4-6 weeks old female mice were coupled with male mice following superovulation. Positive vaginal plaque mice were killed 48 hour after HCG injection. Two cell embryos were collected in RPMI medium and cultured in M16 medium and divided in three groups. The 2[nd] and 3[rd] groups were exposed to 4[degree sign] [c] for 24 hour in order to delay and arrest for cleavage and developmental rate. The 2[nd] group [2[nd] control] were incubated immediately, while the 3[rd] group [experiment] were exposed to%0.1 Ethanole for 5 minutes and the 1[st] group [1[st]control] without any exposure to low temperature were incubated. The developmental rate of embryos exposed to low temperature [4[degree sign][c]] significantly decreased and induce, retardation and arrest [p=0.001]. There were not significant difference between the groups mean of cleavage rate, but the mean percent of degenerated embryos between groups have significant differences [p=0.045]. The mean percent of morulla were significantly different between groups [p=0.005]. The mean percent of blastocyst and hatched blastocyst after 120 hr evaluation have significant differences between others groups [p=0.014] [p=0.001]. Effect of%0.1 ethyl-alcohol on arrested two cell embryos can significantly increase the mean percent of morulla and development of blastocyst and hatching blastocyst stage in compare to control group, without any significant effect on cleavage rate

[ survey of variation in obturator arteries]

The knowledge of surgeon from anatomical variation can inhance the recovery process of patients. Vascular variation and their accidental cutting during surgical procedure can produce some problems specially in arterial variation. So the anatomical and surgical department must not neglect to prapere some program in order to learn these variations to the students. The antero-inferior abdominal wall of white 35 years old man have dissected. It was revealed that the obturator artery is an accessory branch of inferior epigastric artery at the medial side of deep inguinal ring. Subsequently it descend medially, crossing the free margin of lacunar ligament to reach the obturator canal. This variation is potentially dangerous in operation of femoral hernia

[ correlation of urine and serum P53 protein in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder]

P53 is a tumor suppressor gene which is mutated in 50% of human cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the protein status in the serum / urine and tumors of bladder cancer. This descriptive study was done on 38 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder who had no history of chemo- or radiotherapy or immune system disease. The sera and urine of these patients were analyzed for P53 protein by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA] and tissue P53 by Immunohistochemical Technique. Individul and laboratory data were collected in questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. Tissue P53 was detected in 29 of 39 [74.4%] patients, serum and urine P53 protein were detected in the serum and urine of 20 of 39 [51.3%] and 27 of 39 [69.2%] patients, respectively. The mean serum and urine P53 level in positive Tissue P53 patients were 1.45 and 2.27 U/ml respectively, which was significantly higher when compared with mean serum P53 level in negative tissue P53 patients [p< 0.01]. In patients with positive serum P53 [n=20] tissue P53 was positive in 18 [90%] patients and negative in 2 [10%], which was statiscally unsignificant. In negative serum P53 patients [n=19], tissue P53 was negative in 8[42%] patients and positive in 11 [58%]. In patients with positive urine P53 [n=27], tissue P53 was positive in 25 [93%] patients and negative in 2 [%7], which was statiscally unsignificant. Statiscally significant correlation was observed between tissue P53 with pathologic grade of tumor [p= 0.05], but for serum and urine P53 such correlation was not seen. This study shew a strong relationship between tissue P53 protein overexpression and level of P53 protein in serum and urine of TCC patients. Therefore both serum and urine of patients with TCC were found to have significant clinical accuracy for determination of P53 gene status in patients with TCC of bladder

[Effect of fusion duration on cleavage and developmental rate of electrofused tetraploid 2-cell bovine embryo]

Because tetraploid embryo is used as a base for growth and development of transgenic cells, one of the most important stages in animal biotechnology is to produce tetraploidy by electrofused 2-cell embryo. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fusion duration on developmental rate of tetraploid embryos. In this experimental study some of the bovine 2-cell embryos were obtained from in vitro matured and fertilized cumulus oocyte complexes 33-35 hr post fertilization as an unexposed control group [UCG]. The remaining 2-cell embryos were exposed to 0.75 kilovolt per centimeter for 80 microsecond, and were transferred to SOF1 medium. Subsequently those embryos fused at 30 and 60 minute post electrofusion were categorized as fused groups [FG[30] and FG[60]] and separated from unfused embryos as exposed control group [ECG]. The developmental rate was compared between UCG, ECG, FG[30], and FG[60] groups and the relation between fusion duration and cleavage and developmental rate was surveyed.The cleavage rate up to 8-cell stage in FG[60] was increased significantly compared to FG[30][p<0.05] while the blastocyst rate has no significant difference between the two groups. The cleavage and developmental rate in UCG was significantly higher than ECG, FG[60] and FG[30]. Chromosomal analysis showed that 76% of embryos were true tetraploid.The fused embryos in FG[60] had more ability to produce embryos up to 8-cell stage than FG[30]. The electrical pulse can decrease the cleavage and developmental ability of embryo

Study of the results of simultaneous anterior colporrhaphy and needle suspension in patients with stress urinary incontinence and grade III and II cystocele

Background and Purpose: There are various therapies for stress urinary incontinence [SUI] which include conservative, medical and surgical therapies, each with advantages and disadvantages. In this article, the results of simultaneous needle suspension and anterior colporrhaphy in patients with SUI who had grade III and II cystocele in physical examination

Methods and Materials: From 1380 to 1382 [2000-2003], 135 women with complaints of UI referred to Urology and Gynecology clinics. Of these, 72 patients suffered from SUI and 21 patients from mixed urinary incontinence with a predominance of SUI. Due to SUI severity, physical examination [cystocele grade II and III] and failure of conservative therapies, 58 patients underwent simultaneous anterior colporrhaphy and needle suspension

Results: Peri- and postoperative mortality did not occur. In 13 cases [22.4%], foley catheter was removed two days after surgery but they were unable to void. In 11 cases, the problem was solved after catheterization for one week. In 2 cases, UI occurred and CIC was recommended; after two weeks CIC, they were able to urinate. In one case, sonography and cystoscopy were done due to dysuria resistant to medical treatment; cystoscope was used to extract the suture which had migrated to the bladder. 55 patients [94.9%] indicated improved symptoms one year after surgery. Perfect success [dryness] was observed in 47 patients [81%]. Urinary residue, measured one month after surgery, was less than the normal upper limit in all cases

Conclusion: Success rate of this study is higher than previous studies. Simultaneous needle suspension and anterior colporrhaphy is therefore recommend for patients with SUI and grade III and II cystocele due to the high success rate and low morbidity and mortality rate of the procedure

effect of voltage and duration of electrical stimulus on fusion and cleavage of electrofused two-cell bovine embryos

The value of embryonic stem-like cells in cloning is obvious. Production of cloned animals can be achieved by introduction of these cells into a tetraploid embryo. Tetraploid embryo is used as a feeder for development of embryonic stem-like cells and can be produced in vitro by electro-fusion of 2-cell embryos. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of voltage alteration and duration on fusion and cleavage rates of bovine tetraploid embryo produced by electrofusion. After in vitro maturation and fertilization of cumulus oocyte complexes, two-cell embryos were categorized into three groups: 1- Fused group [FG]: include two-cell embryos fused by exposure to different voltages [0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 kV/cm] and durations [20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 micro s]. 2- Exposed control group [ECG]: two-cell embryos that remained unfused after electrofusion. 3- Unexposed control group [UCG]: two-cell embryos cultured without exposure to any voltage. The embryos from each group were cultured in SOF1. The fusion and cleavage rates were compared in each group. Increase in voltage resulted in significantly higher fusion and lower cleavage rate. The increased duration had no significant effect on fusion rate. The increased duration of high voltages caused decreased cleavage rate significantly, and in low voltage resulted in increased cleavage rate. The cleavage rate in ECG group followed the same as FG group, and they were lower when compared to UCG. Best fusion and cleavage rate was obtained at 0.75-1 kV/cm for 60 micro s duration